Periodontology

Healthy Teeth Begin with Healthy Gums
Periodontology is the branch of dentistry that focuses on protecting the health of the soft tissues (gums) and hard tissues (alveolar bone) surrounding the teeth, as well as treating diseases that develop in these areas. Gum diseases often progress silently and, if left untreated, can eventually lead to tooth loss. Therefore, periodontology plays a vital role not only in treating symptoms like gum bleeding but also in maintaining overall oral health.

The strength of teeth depends not only on their structure but also on the health of the surrounding gum and bone tissue. For this reason, gum care is essential for long-lasting oral health and aesthetic smiles.

Types of Gum Diseases

1. Gingivitis:
   The early stage of gum inflammation. Symptoms include gum bleeding, swelling, and tenderness. It is reversible with regular cleaning and proper oral hygiene.

2. Periodontitis:
   An advanced form of gum disease. It involves gum recession, bone loss, and tooth mobility. Without treatment, it can result in tooth loss.

Periodontal Treatment Methods

• Scaling (Tartar Cleaning): Removes plaque and tartar from the surface of the teeth.

• Curettage (Deep Cleaning): Cleans inflamed tissues beneath the gumline using special instruments.

• Laser Gum Treatment: Kills bacteria and accelerates healing using laser technology.

• Periodontal Surgery: In advanced cases, surgical access is provided to clean infected areas and reshape the gums.

• Bone Grafts and Regenerative Procedures: Used to regenerate lost bone tissue in severe cases of bone loss.

When Should You See a Periodontist?

• Gum bleeding

• Swollen, red, or tender gums

• Gum recession

• Loose or shifting teeth

• Persistent bad breath

• Gaps forming between teeth

• Poorly fitting dentures

Treatment Process
The treatment plan depends on the severity of the disease. In mild cases such as gingivitis, professional cleaning and maintenance may be sufficient. For advanced periodontitis, surgical intervention may be required. With consistent dental care and regular check-ups, gum health can be maintained effectively.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What happens if gum disease is left untreated?
   The infection spreads from the gums to the bone, leading to bone loss, tooth mobility, and ultimately tooth loss.

2. Is gum disease contagious?
   No. However, poor hygiene among family members can lead to the development of similar bacterial flora.

3. Is curettage painful?
   No. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia, and only mild sensitivity may occur afterward.

4. Can gum recession be reversed?
   In advanced cases, gum grafts can partially restore the lost tissue, though complete reversal is not always possible.

5. What causes gum disease?
   Poor oral hygiene, smoking, stress, systemic conditions (such as diabetes), genetic predisposition, and improperly made fillings or prostheses can trigger gum disease.